Evidence-based approach to lingering hydration questions.
Matthew S Ganio1, Douglas J Casa, Lawrence E Armstrong
1Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, 2095 Hillside Road, U-1110, Storrs, CT 06269-1110, USA.
Clinics in Sports Medicine
|January 24, 2007
Summary
This review examines hydration, fluid balance, and exercise in heat, questioning common practices and the safety of supplements like creatine and caffeine. It addresses overdrinking risks and electrolyte balance in heat illnesses.
Area of Science:
- Exercise Physiology
- Sports Nutrition
- Environmental Health
Background:
- Clinicians are re-evaluating fundamental hydration practices.
- Concerns exist regarding the safety and hydration impact of supplements like creatine, caffeine, and glycerol.
- Overdrinking (hyponatremia) and fluid-electrolyte imbalances are linked to heat illnesses.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a contemporary perspective on hydration, fluid balance, and exercise in heat.
- To critically assess the role of common substances in hydration status.
- To explore the etiology of heat illnesses concerning fluid dynamics.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies on hydration, fluid balance, and exercise in the heat.
- Analysis of research on the effects of creatine, caffeine, and glycerol on hydration.
- Examination of reports on hyponatremia and heat illness pathogenesis.
Main Results:
- The safety and hydration effects of certain supplements require careful consideration.
- Inappropriate fluid intake and electrolyte imbalances contribute to heat illnesses.
- Established hydration practices need re-evaluation in light of current research.
Conclusions:
- Optimal hydration strategies during exercise in the heat are complex.
- Understanding fluid-electrolyte balance is crucial for preventing heat-related ailments.
- Further research is needed to refine clinical recommendations for hydration during exertion in hot environments.
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