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Related Concept Videos

Degenerative Disc Disease I: Introduction01:27

Degenerative Disc Disease I: Introduction

Degenerative disc disease is a chronic condition in which intervertebral discs gradually lose structure and function. It is not infectious or autoimmune; rather, it results from age-related biochemical and mechanical changes, influenced by genetic, metabolic, and environmental factors.Structure and Function of DiscsThe spine contains 23 intervertebral discs that absorb load, distribute forces, maintain spacing, and allow flexibility. Each disc consists of a nucleus pulposus, a gel-like core...
Degenerative Disc Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:23

Degenerative Disc Disease ll: Pathophysiology

The symptoms of degenerative disc disease arise from a combination of mechanical compression, vascular compromise, and biochemical inflammation, which together disrupt nerve function and produce pain.Mechanical CompressionDisc degeneration reduces height and elasticity, predisposing to herniation of the nucleus pulposus, a major cause of radicular pain. Herniations may be protrusion (bulging with intact annulus), extrusion (nucleus extends beyond disc but remains connected), or sequestration...
Herniated Intervertebral Disc l: Introduction01:29

Herniated Intervertebral Disc l: Introduction

Intervertebral disc herniation refers to the displacement of the nucleus pulposus (the gel-like inner core of the disc) through a tear or weakened area in the annulus fibrosus (the outer fibrous ring). The displaced disc material extends beyond the normal boundaries of the disc space and may compress or irritate nearby spinal nerve roots or, less commonly, the spinal cord.Etiology and Risk FactorsHerniation commonly results from degeneration, in which aging reduces disc hydration and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 29, 2026

Operational and Intervention Effects of Targeted Tuina in Lumbar Intervertebral Disc Degeneration Model Rabbits
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Operational and Intervention Effects of Targeted Tuina in Lumbar Intervertebral Disc Degeneration Model Rabbits

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Emerging technologies for molecular therapy for intervertebral disk degeneration.

Won C Bae1, Koichi Masuda

  • 1Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103-8226, USA.

The Orthopedic Clinics of North America
|September 28, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Researchers are exploring new therapies for intervertebral disc degeneration by balancing anabolic and catabolic cell activities. Promising agents are advancing to clinical trials for disc healing.

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Last Updated: May 29, 2026

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A Proinflammatory, Degenerative Organ Culture Model to Simulate Early-Stage Intervertebral Disc Disease.

Published on: February 14, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Orthopedics

Background:

  • Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is driven by an imbalance in cellular anabolic and catabolic activities.
  • Maintaining this biological balance is crucial for disc health and function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review therapeutic strategies targeting intervertebral disc degeneration.
  • To assess the efficacy of agents evaluated in preclinical and in vitro settings.

Main Methods:

  • In vitro studies on disc cells and explants.
  • Preclinical in vivo efficacy testing of therapeutic agents via intradiscal injections.
  • Review of agents including growth factors, biostimulatory compounds, and matrix-degrading enzyme inhibitors.

Main Results:

  • Various therapeutic agents show potential in preclinical models.
  • Anabolic growth factors and matrix-degrading enzyme inhibitors are among promising candidates.
  • Intradiscal injections are a key delivery method for in vivo testing.

Conclusions:

  • Further research is needed to identify optimal patient populations using imaging like MRI.
  • Understanding the mechanisms of disc healing is essential for therapeutic development.
  • Several promising agents are progressing towards or are in clinical trials for disc regeneration.