室外空气污染和喘
Michael Guarnieri1, John R Balmes1
1Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
Lancet (London, England)
|May 6, 2014
概括
室外空气污染,包括交通排放,可以加剧现有的喘,并可能导致新的病例. 本综述审查了最近对颗粒物和臭氧等污染物的临床研究,将它们与呼吸道炎症和喘风险增加联系起来.
科学领域:
- 环境健康 环境健康
- 呼吸系统医学 呼吸系统医学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 交通和发电造成的城市空气污染是一个重大的环境问题.
- 几十年的研究证实了室外空气污染与喘恶化之间的联系.
- 新出现的证据表明,空气污染在新发性喘的发展中起着作用.
研究的目的:
- 审查最近的临床证据 (流行病学和实验) 关于空气污染对喘的影响.
- 讨论空气污染物影响空气通道的机制性途径.
- 探索与空气污染和喘有关的临床影响,政策考虑和研究需求.
主要方法:
- 专注于临床研究,包括流行病学和实验设计.
- 分析过去5年内发表的研究成果.
- 对各种空气污染物的检查:颗粒物 (PM),臭氧 (O3),二氧化 (NO2),二氧化硫 (SO2) 和与交通有关的空气污染.
主要成果:
- 空气污染物可能会诱导呼吸道的氧化应激,促进炎症,组织重塑和敏感化.
- 几种污染物与新发喘有关,尽管证据的强度各不相同.
- 最近的研究加强了特定污染物和不良呼吸道结果之间的联系.
结论:
- 空气污染是喘恶化和潜在的新发喘的一个重要因素.
- 了解污染物引起的呼吸道损伤机制对于有效的干预至关重要.
- 解决空气污染问题需要综合的临床,政策和研究策略,以减轻喘负担.
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